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CHEMICAL HAPPINESS AND THE MEANING OF LIFE by Yuval Noah Harari

CHEMICAL HAPPINESS AND THE MEANING OF LIFE                                    Yuval Noah Harari Introduction Yuval Noah Harari (born 24 February 1976) is an Israeli historian and a tenured professor in the Department of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author of the international best sellers, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (2014) and Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (2015). His writings examine concepts of free will, consciousness and  definitions of intelligence. The present extract “chemical happiness and meaning of life” is a discourse on the meaning of  life, and his argument against the traditional spiritual perception, that happiness is the result of chemical processes taking place in the human brain. Summary Harari thinks that human happiness is the result of chemical processes taking place in the human brain. Most biologists maintain that happiness is determined mainly by biochemistry. But they agree that psychological and s

AMNESTY By Nadine Gordimer

                                AMNESTY                            Nadine Gordimer Introduction Nadine Gordimer (20 November 1923 – 13 July 2014) was a South African writer, political activist and recipient of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was recognized as a woman "who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity". Gordimer's writing dealt with themes of love, politics, moral and racial issues, particularly apartheid in South Africa. Her works always question power relations and truth, she tells stories of ordinary people, revealing moral ambiguities and choices. Her characterization is nuanced, revealed more through the choices her characters make than through their claimed identities and beliefs. She also weaves in subtle details within the characters' names. Under that regime, works such as Burger's Daughter and July's People were banned. She was active in