blazesolutions

                പ്രകാശ പ്രതിഭാസങ്ങൾ അപവർത്തനം (Refraction)             സാന്ദ്രത വ്യത്യാസമുള്ള രണ്ട് മാധ്യമങ്ങൾക്കിടയിലൂടെ പ്രകാശരശ്മി സഞ്ചരിക്കുമ്പോൾ സഞ്ചാര പാതക്കുണ്ടാക്കുന്ന വ്യതിയാനമാണ് അപവർത്തനം. ഉദാഹരണങ്ങൾ :- * മരുഭൂമികളിൽ മരീചിക (Mirage) എന്ന പ്രതിഭാസത്തിന് കാരണം * തെളിഞ്ഞ ജലാശയത്തിന് ആഴം കുറവ് തോന്നുന്നു. * നക്ഷത്രങ്ങൾ മിന്നിത്തിളങ്ങാൻ കാരണമായ പ്രതിഭാസം. * ജലത്തിൽ താഴ്ത്തി വച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന ഒരു കമ്പ് വളഞ്ഞതായി തോന്നുവാൻ കാരണം. വിസരണം (Scattering)               പ്രകാശം അന്തരീക്ഷ വായുവിലെ പൊടിപടലത്തിൽ തട്ടിയുണ്ടാകുന്ന ഭാഗികമായ പ്രതിഫലനമാണ് വിസരണം. ഉദാഹരണം:- * ആകാശം നില നിറത്തിൽ കാണുന്നത്. ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ വിസരണത്തിന് വിധേയമാകുന്ന നിറം - വയലറ്റ് ഏറ്റവും കുറവ് വിസരണത്തിന് വിധേയമാക്കുന്ന നിറം - ചുവപ്പ്. പ്രതിഫലനം ( Reflection)              മിനുസമുള്ള പ്രതലത്തിൽ തട്ടി പ്രകാശം തിരിച്ചു വരുന്ന പ്രതിഭാസമാണ് പ്രതിഫലനം. ഉദാഹരണം :- * സൈക്കിൾ റിഫ്ളക്ടർ,  * കാലിഡോസ്കോപ് ഡിഫ്രാക്ഷൻ (Diffraction)              സൂക്ഷമങ്ങളായ അതാര്യ വസ്തുക്കളെ ചുറ്റി പ്രകാശം വളയുകയോ വ്യാപിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുന്ന പ്രതിഭാസമാണ്

                        HOREGALLU                                       - Sudha Murthy Important Points: * Horegallu is an anecdote by Sudha Murty. * She speaks of two great personalities- her grandfather and her colleague, Ratna. * Grandfather was a retired school teacher.  * He listened to the problems of the villagers.  * They talked about their daily lives and worries. * Ratna was a senior clerk. * She was cheerful and smart. * She listened to the problems of her colleagues with sympathy. * Both of them were good listeners. * They listened to the problems of others patiently.  * They never replied to them.  * They kept the words of the speakers secret.  * It refreshed and relaxed the speakers.  * The grandfather and Ratna were human horegallus. Characters : Sudha Murthy's Grandfather: * Sudha Murty’s grandfather is an important character in ‘Horegallu’ * He was a retired school teacher. * He was a symbol of goodness and sincerity. * He was a good listener. * He listened to othe

                      MATCH BOX                                           - Ashapurna Debi Important Points • The story Matchbox is written by Ashapurna Debi. • Nomita is the central character of the story. • She is married to Ajit. • They live in a joint family. • Ajit opens and reads a letter addressed to Nomita without her permission. • This behaviour of Ajit hurts Nomita's self-respect. • The letter is from her poor widowed mother. • Nomita becomes angry and quarrels with Ajit. • She lights a matchstick and burns her sari. • Ajit jumps to her side and puts out the fire. • He sees a fire burning in her eyes. • Nomita goes down stairs to give the dress to the washerman. • She pretends as if nothing has happened. • The author tells us that women suppress their pain in front of others. • The author depicts the status of traditional women in our society. Important Characters : 1 . Nomita * Nomita is a poor Bengali village woman. * She is the wife of Ajit.  * Nomita and Ajit live in

                       ODE TO AUTUMN                                           - John Keats Introduction:                 John Keats son of a stable keeper was born on 1795. He was the youngest of romantic poets who had an early demise at the age of 26. Keats lived aloft from men and from all political measures, worshipping beauty like a devotee, perfectly content to write what was in his own heart, or to reflect some splendor of the natural world as he saw or dreamed it to be. He strongly believed that poetry existed for its own sake. Like all other romantic poets he too was a nature lover and appreciated beauty in everything. Keats is best known for his six odes all of which were written in 1819. They are "Ode on a Grecian Urn", "Ode on Indolence", "Ode on Melancholy", "Ode to a Nightingale", "Ode to Psyche" and "Ode to Autumn.” An ode is a lyrical poem praising or glorifying an event or individual.             The poem consists

                        SONNET - 29                                     - William Shakespeare               Sonnet 29 shows the poet at his most insecure and troubled situation. He feels unlucky, shamed, and fiercely jealous of those around him. What causes the poet's anguish will remain a mystery. The speaker presents himself in a despicable state of mind, "an outcaste state". Such a designation does not suggest a clear autobiographical narrative, it helps in focusing on the mood in which the outcast, lonely speaker seeks solace in remembrance of the love he experienced in the past. In the sonnet we must first note how the speaker of the sonnets is socially situated and that his relation to the addressee has both personal and worldly dimensions. The speaker feels alone and in disgrace, while desiring the “art” and “scope” of other men. In the opening nine lines, he desires worldly success and recognition of self-worth that seem to elude him.                 In the first

                         IF                                - Rudyard Kipling 1. The first stanza of 'IF' truly deals with the need for self confidence. Crisis is a common incident in the life of a human being. Ups and downs, victories and defeats may come. But a person must face all these situations with confidence. Situations must not make us depressed. 2. Patience is a virtue. It is a quality, which many people wish to have, but find it very hard to devolop. Patience requires hard effort. A person who is patient can be a good listener and a good friend. Waiting with patience can bring about good results. 3. Honesty and fortitude of character, are two good values in life. A perfect man must build up good character and thesetwo values must make a foundation for him. A man must speak the truth always. He must not tell lies or talk bad about anyone. He must be strong in mental attitude, he must not be depressed when someone talk bad about him. He must "believe" In himse